Security management

Terms related to security management, including definitions about intrusion detection systems (IDS) and words and phrases about asset management, security policies, security monitoring, authorization and authentication.

virtual machine escape - A virtual machine escape is an exploit in which an attacker runs code on a VM that lets the operating system (OS) running within it break out and interact directly with the hypervisor.
virtualization-based security (VBS) - Virtualization-based security (VBS) is a technology that abstracts computer processes from the underlying operating system (OS) and, in some cases, hardware.
virus (computer virus) - A computer virus is a type of malware that attaches itself to a program or file.
virus hoax - A virus hoax is a false warning about a computer virus.
VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) - VUCA is an acronym that stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity -- qualities that make a situation or condition difficult to analyze, respond to or plan for.
vulnerability (information technology) - A vulnerability, in information technology (IT), is a flaw in code or design that creates a potential point of security compromise for an endpoint or network.
vulnerability and patch management - Vulnerability management is a pro-active approach to managing network security.
vulnerability assessment - A vulnerability assessment is the process of defining, identifying, classifying and prioritizing vulnerabilities in computer systems, applications and network infrastructures.
vulnerability disclosure - Vulnerability disclosure is the practice of reporting security flaws in computer software or hardware.
vulnerability management - Vulnerability management is the process of identifying, assessing, remediating and mitigating security vulnerabilities in software and computer systems.
WannaCry ransomware - WannaCry ransomware is a cyber attack that spreads by exploiting vulnerabilities in the Windows operating system.
war driving (access point mapping) - War driving, also called access point mapping, is the act of locating and possibly exploiting connections to wireless local area networks (WLANs) while driving around a city or elsewhere.
WebAuthn API - The Web Authentication API (WebAuthn API) is a credential management application program interface (API) that lets web applications authenticate users without storing their passwords on servers.
What are Common Criteria (CC) for Information Technology Security Evaluation? - Common Criteria (CC) is an international standard (ISO/IEC 15408) for evaluating information technology security products.
What is a block cipher? - A block cipher is a method of encrypting data in blocks to produce ciphertext using a cryptographic key and algorithm.
What is a botnet? - A botnet is a collection of internet-connected devices -- including PCs, servers, mobile devices and internet of things (IoT) devices -- infected and controlled by a common type of malware, often unbeknownst to their owners.
What is a buffer overflow? How do these types of attacks work? - A buffer overflow occurs when a program or process attempts to write more data to a fixed-length block of memory, or buffer, than the buffer is allocated to hold.
What is a certificate authority (CA)? - A certificate authority (CA) is a trusted entity that issues digital certificates to authenticate content sent from web servers.
What is a certificate revocation list (CRL) and how is it used? - A certificate revocation list (CRL) is a list of digital certificates that have been revoked by the issuing certificate authority (CA) before their actual or assigned expiration date.
What is a Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)? - Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) is a certification and globally recognized standard for appraising an IT auditor's knowledge, expertise and skill in assessing vulnerabilities and instituting IT controls in an enterprise environment.
What is a cloud access security broker (CASB)? - A cloud access security broker (CASB) is a software tool or service that sits between an organization's on-premises infrastructure and a cloud provider's infrastructure.
What is a computer exploit? - A computer exploit, or exploit, is a program or piece of code developed to take advantage of a vulnerability in a computer or network system.
What is a cyberthreat hunter (cybersecurity threat analyst)? - A cyberthreat hunter, also called a cybersecurity threat analyst, proactively identifies security incidents that might go undetected using automated security tools such as malware detectors and firewalls.
What is a disaster recovery plan (DRP)? - A disaster recovery plan (DRP) is a documented, structured approach that describes how an organization can quickly resume operations after an unplanned incident.
What is a hacker? - A hacker is an individual who uses computer, networking or other skills to overcome a technical problem.
What is a hardware security module? - A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical device that provides extra security for sensitive data.
What is a honeypot? How it protects against cyberattacks - A honeypot is a network-attached system set up as a decoy to lure cyberattackers and to help organizations detect, deflect and study hacking attempts to gain unauthorized access to IT.
What is a micro VM (micro virtual machine)? - A micro VM (micro virtual machine) is a virtual machine program that serves to isolate an untrusted computing operation from a computer's host operating system.
What is a next-generation firewall (NGFW)? - A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is part of the third generation of firewall technology that can be implemented in hardware or software.
What is a password? - A password is a string of characters used to verify the identity of a user during the authentication process.
What is a potentially unwanted program (PUP)? - A potentially unwanted program (PUP) is a program that may be unwanted, despite the possibility that users consented to download it.
What is a private cloud? Definition and examples - Private cloud is a type of cloud computing that delivers advantages similar to public cloud, including scalability and self-service, but through a proprietary architecture.
What is a private key? - A private key, also known as a secret key, is a variable in cryptography used with an algorithm to encrypt or decrypt data.
What is a proxy firewall? - A proxy firewall is a network security system that protects network resources by filtering messages at the application layer.
What is a public key and how does it work? - In cryptography, a public key is a large numerical value that is used to encrypt data.
What is a public key certificate? - A public key certificate is a digitally signed document that serves to validate the sender's authorization and name.
What is a remote desktop and how does it work? - A remote desktop is a program or an operating system feature that allows a user to connect to a computer in another location, see that computer's desktop and interact with it as if it were local.
What is a rootkit? - A rootkit is a program or a collection of malicious software tools that give a threat actor remote access to and control over a computer or other system.
What is a session key? - A session key is an encryption and decryption key that is randomly generated to ensure the security of a communications session between a user and another computer or between two computers.
What is a spam trap? - A spam trap is an email address that's used to identify and monitor spam email.
What is a stream cipher? - A stream cipher is an encryption method in which data is encrypted one byte at a time.
What is a threat intelligence feed? - A threat intelligence feed, also known as a TI feed, is an ongoing stream of data related to potential or current threats to an organization's security.
What is a watering hole attack? - A watering hole attack is a security exploit in which the attacker seeks to compromise a specific group of end users by infecting websites that members of the group are known to visit.
What is acceptable use policy (AUP)? - An acceptable use policy (AUP) is a document stipulating constraints and practices that a user must agree to for access to or use of a corporate network, the internet or other computing resources.
What is access control? - Access control is a security technique that regulates who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment.
What is an attack vector? - An attack vector is a path or means by which an attacker or hacker can gain access to a computer or network server to deliver a payload or malicious outcome.
What is an endpoint protection platform (EPP)? - An endpoint protection platform (EPP) is a security technology that safeguards endpoint devices.
What is an initialization vector? - An initialization vector (IV) is an arbitrary number that can be used with a secret key for data encryption to foil cyber attacks.
What is an intrusion detection system (IDS)? - An intrusion detection system monitors (IDS) network traffic for suspicious activity and sends alerts when such activity is discovered.
What is an SSL VPN (Secure Sockets Layer virtual private network)? - An SSL VPN is a type of virtual private network (VPN) that uses the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol -- or, more often, its successor, the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol -- in standard web browsers to provide secure, remote access VPN capability.
What is Android System WebView and should you uninstall it? - Android System WebView is a system component for the Android operating system (OS) that enables Android apps to display web content directly inside an application.
What is antimalware? - Antimalware is a software program created to protect IT systems and individual computers from malicious software, or malware.
What is application allowlisting? - Application allowlisting, previously known as 'application whitelisting,' is the practice of specifying an index of approved software applications or executable files that are permitted to be present and active on a computer system.
What is authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA)? - Authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) is a security framework for controlling and tracking user access within a computer network.
What is BCDR? Business continuity and disaster recovery guide - Business continuity (BC) and disaster recovery (DR) are closely related practices that support an organization's ability to remain operational after an adverse event.
What is biometric verification? - Biometric verification is any means by which a person can be uniquely identified by evaluating one or more distinguishing biological traits.
What is BitLocker? - BitLocker Drive Encryption, or BitLocker, is a Microsoft Windows security and encryption feature included with certain Windows versions.
What is Blowfish? - Blowfish is a variable-length, symmetric, 64-bit block cipher.
What is challenge-response authentication? - In computer security, challenge-response authentication is a set of protocols used to protect digital assets and services from unauthorized users, programs and activities.
What is cipher block chaining (CBC)? - Cipher block chaining (CBC) is a mode of operation for a block cipher -- one in which a sequence of bits are encrypted as a single unit, or block, with a cipher key applied to the entire block.
What is cloud security? - Cloud security, or cloud computing security, is a set of policies, practices and controls deployed to protect cloud-based data, applications and infrastructure from cyberattacks and cyberthreats.
What is cryptography? - Cryptography is a method of protecting information and communications using codes, so that only those for whom the information is intended can read and process it.
What is cryptology? - Cryptology is the mathematics, such as number theory and the application of formulas and algorithms, that underpin cryptography and cryptanalysis.
What is cyber attribution? - Cyber attribution is the process of tracking and identifying the perpetrator of a cyberattack or other cyber operation.
What is cyber hijacking? - Cyber hijacking, or computer hijacking, is a type of network security attack in which the threat actor takes control of computer systems, software programs and network communications.
What is cyber insurance, and why is it important? - Cyber insurance, also called cyber liability insurance or cybersecurity insurance, is a contract a business or other organization can purchase to reduce the financial risks associated with doing business online.
What is cybercrime and how can you prevent it? - Cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves a computer, network or networked device.
What is cybersecurity? - Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting internet-connected systems such as hardware, software and data from cyberthreats.
What is Data Encryption Standard (DES)? - Data Encryption Standard (DES) is an outdated symmetric key method of data encryption.
What is data loss prevention (DLP)? - Data loss prevention (DLP) -- sometimes referred to as 'data leak prevention,' 'information loss prevention' or 'extrusion prevention' -- is a strategy to mitigate threats to critical data.
What is data privacy? - Data privacy, also called information privacy, is an aspect of data protection that addresses the proper storage, access, retention, immutability and security of sensitive data.
What is defense in depth? - Defense in depth is a cybersecurity strategy that uses multiple security measures to protect an organization's networks, systems and data.
What is dynamic application security testing (DAST)? - Dynamic application security testing (DAST) is the process of analyzing a web application in runtime to identify security vulnerabilities or weaknesses.
What is elliptical curve cryptography (ECC)? - Elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) is a public key encryption technique based on elliptic curve theory that can be used to create faster, smaller and more efficient cryptographic keys.
What is email spoofing? - Email spoofing is a form of cyber attack in which a hacker sends an email that has been manipulated to seem as if it originated from a trusted source.
What is employee monitoring? - Employee monitoring is when businesses monitor employees to improve productivity and protect corporate resources.
What is endpoint security? How does it work? - Endpoint security is the protection of endpoint devices against cybersecurity threats.
What is extended detection and response (XDR)? - Extended detection and response (XDR) is a technology-driven cybersecurity process designed to help organizations detect and remediate security threats across their entire IT environment.
What is federated identity management (FIM)? How does it work? - Federated identity management (FIM) is an arrangement between multiple enterprises or domains that enables their users to use the same identification data (digital identity) to access all their networks.
What is GDPR? Compliance and conditions explained - The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is legislation that updated and unified data privacy laws across the European Union (EU).
What is Group Policy Object (GPO) and why is it important? - Microsoft’s Group Policy Object (GPO) is a collection of Group Policy settings that defines what a system will look like and how it will behave for a defined group of users.
What is hacktivism? - Hacktivism is the act of misusing a computer system or network for a socially or politically motivated reason.
What is identity and access management? Guide to IAM - No longer just a good idea, IAM is a crucial piece of the cybersecurity puzzle.
What is incident response? A complete guide - Incident response is an organized, strategic approach to detecting and managing cyberattacks in ways that minimize damage, recovery time and total costs.
What is information security management system (ISMS)? - An information security management system (ISMS) is a set of policies and procedures for systematically managing an organization's sensitive data.
What is Internet Key Exchange (IKE)? - Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is a standard protocol used to set up a secure and authenticated communication channel between two parties via a virtual private network (VPN).
What is IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)? - IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a suite of protocols and algorithms for securing data transmitted over the internet or any public network.
What is ISO 27001? - ISO 27001, formally known as ISO/IEC 27001:2022, is an information security standard jointly created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
What is IT/OT convergence? Everything you need to know - IT/OT convergence is the integration of information technology (IT) systems with operational technology (OT) systems.
What is Kerberos and how does it work? - Kerberos is a protocol for authenticating service requests between trusted hosts across an untrusted network, such as the internet.
What is malware? Prevention, detection and how attacks work - Malware, or malicious software, is any program or file that's intentionally harmful to a computer, network or server.
What is multifactor authentication? - Multifactor authentication (MFA) is an IT security technology that requires multiple sources of unique information from independent categories of credentials to verify a user's identity for a login or other transaction.
What is network scanning? How to, types and best practices - Network scanning is a procedure for identifying active devices on a network by employing a feature or features in the network protocol to signal to devices and await a response.
What is obfuscation and how does it work? - Obfuscation means to make something difficult to understand.
What is OPSEC (operations security)? - OPSEC (operations security) is an analytical process that military, law enforcement, government and private organizations use to prevent sensitive or proprietary information from being accessed inappropriately.
What is password cracking? - Password cracking is the process of using an application program to identify an unknown or forgotten password that allows access to a computer or network resource.
What is passwordless authentication? - Passwordless authentication allows a user to sign into a service without using a password.
What is PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard)? - The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a widely accepted set of policies and procedures intended to optimize the security of credit, debit and cash card transactions and protect cardholders against misuse of their personal information.
What is pharming? - Pharming is a scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a PC or server, misdirecting users to fraudulent websites without their knowledge or consent.
What is physical security and how does it work? - Physical security protects personnel, hardware, software, networks, facilities and data from physical actions and events that could cause serious loss or damage to an enterprise, agency or institution.