Database management

Terms related to databases, including definitions about relational databases and words and phrases about database management.
  • schema - In computer programming, a schema (pronounced SKEE-mah) is the organization or structure for a database, while in artificial intelligence (AI), a schema is a formal expression of an inference rule.
  • serverless database - A serverless database is a type of cloud database that is fully managed for an organization by a cloud service provider and runs on demand as needed to support applications.
  • sharding - Sharding is a type of database partitioning that separates large databases into smaller, faster, more easily managed parts.
  • Spine-leaf (spine-leaf architecture) - Spine-leaf, or leaf-spine, is a two-layer network topology composed of spine and leaf switches.
  • SQL injection (SQLi) - A SQL injection (SQLi) is a technique that attackers use to gain unauthorized access to a web application database by adding a string of malicious code to a database query.
  • star schema - A star schema is a database organizational structure optimized for use in a data warehouse or business intelligence that uses a single large fact table to store transactional or measured data, and one or more smaller dimensional tables that store attributes about the data.
  • stored procedure - A stored procedure is a group of statements with a specific name, which are stored inside a database, such as MySQL or Oracle.
  • structured data - Structured data is data that has been organized into a formatted repository, typically a database.
  • Superdome - Superdome is a high-end 64-bit, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) PA-8600 processor-based UNIX server designed for e-commerce customers using very large databases.
  • system of record (SOR) - A system of record (SOR) is an information storage and retrieval system that stores valuable data on an organizational system or process.
  • T-SQL (Transact-SQL) - T-SQL (Transact-SQL) is a set of programming extensions from Sybase and Microsoft that add several features to the Structured Query Language (SQL), including transaction control, exception and error handling, row processing and declared variables.
  • time series database (TSDB) - A time series database (TSDB) is a software system optimized to sort and organize information measured by time.
  • tree structure - A tree data structure is an algorithm for placing and locating files (called records or keys) in a database.
  • tuple - A tuple, pronounced TUH-pul, is an ordered and finite list of elements in various fields of interest, including computing.
  • von Neumann bottleneck - The von Neumann bottleneck is a limitation on throughput caused by the standard personal computer architecture.
  • web services - Web services are a type of internet software that use standardized messaging protocols and are made available from an application service provider's web server for a client or other web-based programs to use.
  • WebLogic - Oracle WebLogic Server is a leading e-commerce online transaction processing (OLTP) platform, developed to connect users in distributed computing production environments and to facilitate the integration of mainframe applications with distributed corporate data and applications.
  • What is a 3-tier application architecture? - A three-tier application architecture is a modular client-server architecture that consists of a presentation tier, an application tier and a data tier.
  • What is a cloud database? An in-depth cloud DBMS guide - A cloud database is an organized and managed collection of data in an IT system that resides on a public, private or hybrid cloud computing platform.
  • What is a data fabric? - A data fabric is an architecture and software offering a unified collection of data assets, databases and database architectures within an enterprise.
  • What is a data mart (datamart)? - A data mart is a repository of data that is designed to serve a particular community of knowledge workers.
  • What is a framework? - In general, a framework is a real or conceptual structure intended to serve as a support or guide for the building of something that expands the structure into something useful.
  • What is a knowledge graph in ML (machine learning)? - In the realm of machine learning (ML), a knowledge graph is a graphical representation that captures the connections between different entities.
  • What is a multimodel database? - A multimodel database is a data processing platform that supports multiple data models, which define the parameters for how the information in a database is organized and arranged.
  • What is a pivot table? - A pivot table is a statistics tool that summarizes and reorganizes selected columns and rows of data in a spreadsheet or database table to obtain a desired report.
  • What is Active Directory (AD)? - Active Directory (AD) is Microsoft's proprietary directory service that enables network admins to manage users, permissions and their access to networking resources.
  • What is customer segmentation? - Customer segmentation is the practice of dividing a customer base into groups of individuals that have similar characteristics relevant to marketing, such as age, gender, interests and spending habits.
  • What is data aggregation? - Data aggregation is any process whereby data is gathered and expressed in a summary form.
  • What is data cleansing (data cleaning, data scrubbing)? - Data cleansing, also referred to as data cleaning or data scrubbing, is the process of fixing incorrect, incomplete, duplicate or otherwise erroneous data in a data set.
  • What is data management and why is it important? Full guide - Data management is the process of ingesting, storing, organizing and maintaining the data created and collected by an organization, as explained in this in-depth guide.
  • What is data management as a service (DMaaS)? - Data management as a service (DMaaS) is a type of cloud service that provides enterprises with centralized storage for disparate data sources.
  • What is data preprocessing? Key steps and techniques - Data preprocessing, a component of data preparation, describes any type of processing performed on raw data to prepare it for another data processing procedure.
  • What is data? - In computing, data is information translated into a form that is efficient for movement or processing.
  • What is database normalization? - Database normalization is intrinsic to most relational database schemes.
  • What is denormalization and how does it work? - Denormalization is the process of adding precomputed redundant data to an otherwise normalized relational database to improve read performance.
  • What is dimensionality reduction? - Dimensionality reduction is a process and technique to reduce the number of dimensions -- or features -- in a data set.
  • What is employee self-service (ESS)? - Employee self-service (ESS) is a widely used human resources technology that enables employees to perform many job-related functions that were once largely paper-based, or otherwise maintained by management, administrative or HR staff.
  • What is enterprise content management? Guide to ECM - Enterprise content management is a set of defined processes, strategies and tools that enables a business to obtain, organize, store and deliver critical information to its employees, business stakeholders and customers.
  • What is machine learning? Guide, definition and examples - Machine learning is a branch of AI focused on building computer systems that learn from data.
  • What is Microsoft Visual FoxPro (VFP)? - Microsoft Visual FoxPro (VFP) is an object-oriented programming (OOP) environment with a built-in relational database engine.
  • What is NoSQL (Not Only SQL database)? - NoSQL is an approach to database management that can accommodate a wide variety of data models, including key-value, document, columnar and graph formats.
  • What is Oracle? - Oracle is one of the largest vendors in the enterprise IT market and the shorthand name of its flagship product, a relational database management system (RDBMS) that's formally called Oracle Database.
  • What is SAP Basis? - SAP Basis is the technical foundation that enables SAP applications to function.
  • What is SAP S/4HANA? - SAP S/4HANA is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) business suite based on the SAP HANA in-memory database that allows companies to perform transactions and analyze business data in real time.
  • What is Structured Query Language (SQL)? - Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them.
  • What is taxonomy in computing? - Taxonomy is the science of classification according to a predetermined system, with the resulting catalog used to provide a conceptual framework for discussion, analysis or information retrieval.
  • XML Schema Definition (XSD) - XML Schema Definition or XSD is a recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to describe and validate the structure and content of an XML document.