Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Terms related to business, including definitions about project management and words and phrases about human resources, finance and vertical industries.

What is DevOps 2.0? - DevOps 2.0 is the extension of DevOps practices through the entire organization, beyond development and IT ops.
What is digital disruption? - Digital disruption is the change that occurs when new digital technologies and business models affect the value proposition of existing goods and services.
What is digital labor? - Digital labor is work that's performed by robotic process automation (RPA) systems and interactive applications, including chatbots and digital assistants.
What is digital transformation? Everything you need to know - Digital transformation is the incorporation of computer-based technologies into an organization's products, processes and strategies.
What is digital trust? - Digital trust is the confidence users have in the ability of people, technology and processes to create a secure digital environment.
What is direct marketing? - Direct marketing is a type of advertising campaign that seeks to elicit an action (such as an order, a visit to a store or website or a request for further information) from a selected group of consumers in response to communication from a marketer.
What is dual sourcing? - Dual sourcing is the supply chain management practice of using two suppliers for a given component, raw material, product or service.
What is e-business? - E-business (electronic business) is the conduct of online business processes on the web, internet, extranet or a combination thereof.
What is emotional intelligence (EI)? - Emotional intelligence (EI) is the area of cognitive ability that facilitates interpersonal behavior.
What is enterprise content management? Guide to ECM - Enterprise content management is a set of defined processes, strategies and tools that enables a business to obtain, organize, store and deliver critical information to its employees, business stakeholders and customers.
What is executive leadership? - Executive leadership is the ability of those who manage or direct employees in an organization to influence and guide these individuals.
What is field service management (FSM)? - Field service management (FSM) is a system of managing off-site workers and the resources they require to do their jobs efficiently.
What is financial analytics and why is it important? - Financial analytics is the creation of ad hoc analysis to answer specific business questions and forecast possible future financial scenarios.
What is FinOps? - FinOps -- a combination of the terms finance and DevOps -- is a framework for managing operational costs across an organization, often in conjunction with cloud computing.
What is greenwashing? - Greenwashing refers to the act of making false or misleading claims about the positive environmental impact that a company, product or service has on the environment.
What is hardware as a service (HaaS)? - Hardware as a service (HaaS) is a procurement model that's similar to leasing or licensing.
What is HRIS (human resources information system)? - A human resources information system (HRIS) is software that aids organizations in maintaining detailed employee information and managing and automating core human resources (core HR) processes.
What is IDoc (intermediate document)? - IDoc (intermediate document) is a standard data structure used in SAP applications to transfer data to and from SAP system applications and external systems.
What is incremental innovation? - Incremental innovation is a series of small improvements or upgrades made to a company's existing products, services, processes or methods.
What is Infor? - Infor is a New York-based vendor of ERP and other enterprise business software.
What is information rights management (IRM)? - Information rights management (IRM) is a discipline that involves managing, controlling and securing content from unwanted access.
What is inventory management? - Inventory management is the component of supply chain management that tracks and supervises noncapitalized assets -- or inventory -- and stock items.
What is IoT Cloud (Salesforce IoT Cloud)? - IoT Cloud is a Salesforce platform designed to store and process internet of things (IoT) data.
What is IT asset management (ITAM)? - IT asset management (ITAM) is a set of business practices that combines financial, inventory and contractual functions to optimize spending and support lifecycle management and strategic decision-making within the IT environment.
What is labor arbitrage? - Labor arbitrage is the practice of searching for and then using the lowest-cost workforce to produce products or goods.
What is lead scoring? - Lead scoring is a methodology sales and marketing departments use to determine the worthiness of leads, or potential customers, by attaching values to them based on their behavior relating to their interest in products or services.
What is Lean management? - Lean management is an approach to managing an organization that supports the concept of continuous improvement, a long-term approach to work that systematically seeks to achieve small, incremental changes in processes to improve efficiency and quality.
What is lean manufacturing? - Lean manufacturing is a methodology that focuses on minimizing waste within manufacturing systems while simultaneously maximizing productivity.
What is LinkedIn and how does it work? - LinkedIn is a social networking site designed specifically for the business community.
What is multichannel marketing? - Multichannel marketing refers to the practice of companies interacting with customers via multiple direct and indirect channels to sell them goods and services.
What is NFV MANO (network functions virtualization management and orchestration)? - NFV MANO (network functions virtualization management and orchestration), or just MANO, is an architectural framework used to manage and orchestrate virtual network functions (VNFs) and other software components.
What is Open Platform Communications (OPC)? - Open Platform Communications (OPC) is an interoperability standard for secure data exchange in industrial automation and other areas.
What is operational risk? - Operational risk is the risk of losses caused by flawed or failed processes, policies, systems, people or events that disrupt business operations.
What is Oracle PartnerNetwork (OPN)? - Oracle PartnerNetwork, also known as OPN, is a channel partner program that provides resources and benefits for value-added resellers (VARs), independent software vendors (ISVs) and other businesses that want to collaborate with Oracle.
What is order management? - Order management is the administration of business processes related to orders for goods or services.
What is order to cash (OTC or O2C)? - Order to cash, or OTC or O2C, is a business process that involves receiving and fulfilling customer requests for goods or services.
What is PaaS? Platform as a service definition and guide - Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model where a third-party provider delivers hardware and software tools to users over the internet.
What is PeopleSoft? - PeopleSoft is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) software suite owned by Oracle Corporation.
What is predictive analytics? An enterprise guide - Predictive analytics is a form of advanced analytics that uses current and historical data to forecast activity, behavior and trends.
What is procure-to-pay (P2P)? - Procure-to-pay (P2P), also known as purchase-to-pay, is the process organizations use to obtain essential resources.
What is product as a service? - Product as a service (PaaS) is the concept of selling the services and outcomes a product can provide rather than the product itself.
What is production planning and why is it important? - Production planning is the act of developing a guide for the design and production of a given product or service.
What is professional services automation (PSA)? - Professional services automation (PSA) is a type of software application suite that provides a service business with the functionality it needs to manage core business processes.
What is PUE (power usage effectiveness)? - Power usage effectiveness (PUE) is a metric used to determine the energy efficiency of a data center.
What is pure risk? - Pure risk refers to risks that are beyond human control and result in a loss or no loss, with no possibility of financial gain.
What is quality of experience (QoE or QoX)? - Quality of experience (QoE or QoX) is a measure of the overall level of a customer's satisfaction and experience with a product or service and the vendor that's providing that product or service.
What is residual risk? How is it different from inherent risk? - Residual risk is the risk that remains after efforts to identify and eliminate some or all types of risk have been made.
What is RFI (request for information)? - A request for information (RFI) is a formal process for gathering information from potential suppliers of a good or service.
What is risk avoidance? - Risk avoidance is the elimination of hazards, activities and exposures that can negatively affect an organization and its assets.
What is risk exposure in business? - Risk exposure is the quantified potential loss from currently underway or planned business activities.
What is ROI? How to calculate return on investment - Return on investment (ROI) is a crucial financial metric investors and businesses use to evaluate an investment's efficiency or compare the efficiencies of several different investments.
What is sales enablement? - Sales enablement is composed of strategies, tools and processes that provide sales representatives with the ability to boost their productivity and revenue generation.
What is sales motion? - A sales motion is the particular sales method an organization uses to sell and deliver a product or a service to its customers.
What is Salesforce Customer Success Platform? - The Salesforce Customer Success Platform (CSP) is the official name of the Salesforce portfolio of products.
What is Salesforce Einstein 1? - Salesforce Einstein 1 refers to an integrated set of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies developed for the Salesforce platform.
What is Salesforce Journey Builder? - Salesforce Journey Builder is a campaign planning tool in Salesforce Marketing Cloud to build personalized customer journeys and deliver unique campaigns and content that enhance customer experiences and secure their loyalty.
What is Salesforce Marketing Cloud? - Salesforce Marketing Cloud is a customer relationship management (CRM) and digital marketing platform that enables marketers to generate better marketing outcomes and ROI.
What is Salesforce Platform (formerly Force.com)? - Salesforce Platform (formerly known as Force.
What is Salesforce Sales Cloud? - Salesforce Sales Cloud is a customer relationship management (CRM) platform designed to support sales, marketing and customer support in both business-to-business and business-to-consumer contexts.
What is Salesforce Service Cloud? - Salesforce Service Cloud is a customer relationship management (CRM) platform for Salesforce clients to provide service and support to their business customers.
What is Salesforce Wave Analytics (Salesforce CRM Analytics)? - Salesforce Wave Analytics, now known as CRM Analytics, is a business intelligence (BI) and analytics platform from Salesforce that provides native analytics, visual insights and predictions powered by artificial intelligence (AI) for Salesforce CRM to help businesses make better, data-driven decisions.
What is Salesforce Work.com? - Salesforce Work.
What is SAP Basis? - SAP Basis is the technical foundation that enables SAP applications to function.
What is SAP Business Suite? - SAP Business Suite is a bundle of enterprise software applications that integrate data, processes and functions for important areas such as finance, sales and human resources (HR), as well as offer industry-specific features.
What is SAP Business Technology Platform (Cloud Platform)? - SAP Business Technology Platform (BTP), formerly SAP Cloud Platform, is SAP's platform as a service (PaaS) product that provides a feature-rich development and runtime environment for building scalable, cloud-based enterprise applications.
What is SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC)? - SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC) is an on-premises enterprise resource planning (ERP) system.
What is SAP ERP? - SAP ERP is enterprise resource planning software developed by the company SAP SE.
What is SAP Fieldglass? - SAP Fieldglass is a cloud-based vendor management system (VMS) that enables organizations to manage their external workforce.
What is SAP Fiori? - SAP Fiori is a design system that specifies how SAP business applications should look, feel and behave across desktop and mobile platforms.
What is SAP HEC (HANA Enterprise Cloud)? - SAP HEC (HANA Enterprise Cloud) is a managed, private infrastructure as a service (IaaS) offering that enables organizations to deploy and run SAP software applications on IT infrastructure managed by SAP.
What is SAP MM (SAP Materials Management)? - SAP MM (SAP Materials Management) is a module in the SAP ECC and SAP S/4HANA software suites that enables authorized users to centrally manage purchasing and inventory processes across an entire organization.
What is SAP Planned Delivery Time (PDT)? - SAP Planned Delivery Time (PDT) is the estimated number of calendar days it takes for a company to receive materials or goods from an external vendor after placing a purchase order.
What is SAP Plant Maintenance (PM)? - SAP Plant Maintenance (PM) is a component of SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) that helps businesses support and maintain equipment and systems.
What is SAP Production Planning? - SAP Production Planning (SAP PP) is the component of ERP Central Component (SAP ECC) that helps businesses plan the manufacturing, sale and distribution of goods.
What is SAP Project System (SAP PS)? - SAP Project System is a module in the SAP ERP system that enables tightly controlled project management from planning to completion.
What is SAP Quality Management (QM)? - SAP Quality Management (QM) is a component of SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) that helps businesses implement and run quality control (QC) processes.
What is SAP Sales and Distribution (SAP SD)? - SAP Sales and Distribution (SAP SD) is an SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) core functional module that helps organizations store and manage customer- and product-related data.
What is segregation of duties (SoD)? - Segregation of duties (SoD) is an internal control mechanism designed to prevent errors and fraud by ensuring at least two individuals are responsible for the separate parts of any task.
What is service supply chain? - The service supply chain is the part of the supply chain dedicated to providing service on products.
What is social media marketing (SMM)? - Social media marketing (SMM) is a form of internet marketing that uses social media apps as a marketing tool.
What is succession planning? - Succession planning is the strategic process of identifying and developing internal candidates to fill key organizational roles to ensure business continuity and the availability of effective leadership in the face of role transitions, departures or unforeseen events.
What is supply chain risk management (SCRM)? - Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is the coordinated efforts of an organization to help identify, monitor, detect and mitigate threats to supply chain continuity and profitability.
What is supply chain sustainability (SCS)? - Supply chain sustainability (SCS) is a holistic view of supply chain processes, logistics and technologies that affect the environmental, social, economic and legal aspects of a supply chain's components.
What is supply chain visibility and why is it important? - Supply chain visibility (SCV) is the ability to track parts, components, raw materials or products as they move from the manufacturer to the final destination.
What is systems development life cycle? - The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project -- from an initial feasibility study all the way through maintenance of the completed application.
What is systems thinking? - Systems thinking is a holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a system's constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems.
What is the bullwhip effect? - The bullwhip effect is a supply chain phenomenon describing how small fluctuations in demand at the retail level can cause progressively larger fluctuations in demand at the wholesale, distributor, manufacturer and raw material supplier levels.
What is the gig economy? - A gig economy is a free market system in which temporary positions are common and organizations hire independent workers for short-term commitments.
What is the law of diminishing returns? - The law of diminishing returns is an economic principle stating that as investment in a particular area increases, the rate of profit from that investment, after a certain point, can't continue to increase if other variables remain at a constant.
What is the risk-reward ratio? - The risk-reward ratio, also known as a risk-return ratio, is a mathematical calculation investors use to measure the expected gains of a given investment against the risk of loss.
What is the Salesforce Service Console? - The Salesforce Service Console is the centralized interface in Salesforce Service Cloud, an application devoted to customer service, support and customer experience.
What is the spiral model and how is it used? - The spiral model is a systems development lifecycle (SDLC) method used for risk management that combines the iterative development process model with elements of the Waterfall model.
What is the triple bottom line (TBL)? - The triple bottom line (TBL) is a sustainability-based accounting framework that includes social, environmental and financial factors as bottom-line categories.
What is transactional marketing? - Transactional marketing is a business strategy that focuses on single, point-of-sale transactions.
What is transformational leadership? - Transformational leadership is a leadership style that focuses on inspiring and motivating employees to innovate and find new ways to drive the organization's success.
What is value-sensitive design? - Value-sensitive design is a concept that advocates the consideration of human principles and standards when planning technology.
What is voice of the customer? A guide to VOC Strategy - Voice of the customer (VOC) is the component of customer experience (CX) that focuses on customer needs, wants, expectations and preferences.
Whistleblower Protection Act - The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 is a law that protects federal government employees in the United States from retaliatory action for voluntarily disclosing information about dishonest or illegal activities occurring in a government organization.
whole-team approach (team-based approach) - The whole-team approach (team-based approach) is a style of project management in which everyone on the project team is held equally responsible for the quality and success of the project.
Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) - Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) is a Windows server role that can plan, manage and deploy updates, service packs, patches and hotfixes for Windows servers, client operating systems (OSes) and other Microsoft software.