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What is the status of VNF deployments among service providers?

Although service providers are undertaking VNF deployments in the network core, they're hard-pressed to deploy them at the network edge due to complexity and cost.

Lee Doyle
By
Published: 25 Oct 2018

Virtual network functions are the key to network functions virtualization deployments, as they provide application-level intelligence to the virtualized network. VNF deployment has been implemented in a wide variety of use cases, but it's most popular in the network core, which has already migrated to an open compute architecture.

Leading service providers face the challenge of deploying VNFs for services -- e.g., virtual customer premises equipment (vCPE) -- that require interoperability between multiple VNFs.

Each VNF supplier provides its own unique management interfaces, which are not easily rearchitected to seamlessly interoperate with other VNFs, especially if sourced from more than one supplier.

VNFs run at the application layer of network functions virtualization (NFV) architecture. They are the virtual applications that have been abstracted from the underlying hardware, and they can run on a variety of compute platforms, including Intel and ARM.

VNFs can be proprietary or open source, and they can be used in a wide variety of network applications, including Evolved Packet Core (EPC), session border controller (SBC), routing, software-defined WAN (SD-WAN), virtual radio access network, firewalls, application delivery controllers, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and many more.

NFV architecture and VNFs
A look into NFV architecture

VNF deployment at the network core

VNFs are being deployed at the edge of wired and wireless networks much more slowly than in the core.

VNF deployments are widely implemented at the core of the wired and wireless networks and have replaced physical appliances, including SBCs, IMS and EPCs. These NFV deployments typically run on Intel-based servers, with highly scalable performance.

VNFs have been less successful in replacing bandwidth-intensive elements in the core network, such as routers.

VNF deployment at the network edge

VNFs are being deployed at the edge of wired and wireless networks much more slowly than in the core. Service providers find it challenging to deploy vCPE due to the complexity of application interaction between routing, SD-WAN and security VNFs, and due to the costs of the Intel platform.

As for advanced 4G Long Term Evolution and 5G, the migration has largely been on appliance-based radio access network infrastructure, rather than VNF deployment.

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