Application development and design
As software demands become more prevalent and complex, application development and design continues to experience a wave of changes in terms of tooling and practices. Learn about the latest in this field, including breakdowns of both established and emerging languages, as well as the key practices required for successful development efforts.
Top Stories
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Tip
20 Dec 2024
Exploring cell-based architecture vs. microservices
Cell-based architecture takes fundamental concepts related to microservices and applies them across the entire software environment to make more fault-tolerant, scalable systems. Continue Reading
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Tip
19 Dec 2024
A JavaScript functional programming basic tutorial
JavaScript's versatility makes it useful for webpages and web servers, but also functional programming. This tutorial shows how to implement JavaScript functional programming. Continue Reading
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Definition
30 May 2024
clipboard
A clipboard is a feature in an operating system or application that temporarily stores data copied or cut from a document or other location, allowing the user to transfer or duplicate it elsewhere. Continue Reading
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Tip
23 May 2024
Introduction to pattern matching in Java
Pattern matching in Java helps developers better describe data structures and avoid runtime errors, while making code more readable and easier to maintain. Here's how it works. Continue Reading
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Definition
23 May 2024
impact mapping
Impact mapping is a visual planning technique that aligns project processes with business objectives. Continue Reading
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Definition
23 May 2024
CALMS
CALMS is a conceptual framework for the integration of development and operations (DevOps) teams, functions and systems within an organization. Continue Reading
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Tip
21 May 2024
10 best practices for managing data in microservices
Data architects managing loosely coupled microservices applications need to make the right decisions about databases, data ownership, sharing, consistency and failure recovery. Continue Reading
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Definition
13 May 2024
Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
A Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a software communication protocol that one program uses to request a service from another program located on a different computer and network, without having to understand the network's details. Continue Reading
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Tip
13 May 2024
How the back-ends-for-front-ends pattern works
A back-ends-for-front-ends microservices pattern uses an API layer to preprocess data, handle calls and responses, and simplify development efforts. Here's how it all works. Continue Reading
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Definition
10 May 2024
RESTful API
A RESTful API is an architectural style for an application programming interface that uses HTTP requests to access and use data. Continue Reading
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Definition
30 Apr 2024
user interface (UI)
The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device. Continue Reading
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Definition
29 Apr 2024
integrated development environment (IDE)
An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software suite that consolidates basic tools required to write and test software. Continue Reading
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Definition
29 Apr 2024
fault injection testing
Fault injection testing is a software testing method that deliberately introduces errors to a system to ensure it can withstand and recover from error conditions. Continue Reading
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Definition
29 Apr 2024
web application development
Web application development is the creation of application programs that reside on remote servers and are delivered to the user's device over the internet. Continue Reading
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Definition
26 Apr 2024
12-factor app
Twelve-factor app is a methodology for building distributed applications that run in the cloud and are delivered as a service. Continue Reading
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Definition
26 Apr 2024
feature-driven development (FDD)
Feature-driven development (FDD) is an Agile software development framework that organizes work around product features. Continue Reading
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Definition
25 Apr 2024
model-driven development
Model-driven development (MDD) is a format to write and implement software quickly, effectively and at minimum cost. Continue Reading
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Definition
25 Apr 2024
soak testing
Soak testing is a type of performance testing that gauges how an application handles a growing number of users or increasingly taxing tasks over an extended period of time. Continue Reading
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Definition
24 Apr 2024
spike testing
Spike testing is a type of performance testing in which an application receives a sudden and extreme increase or decrease in load. Continue Reading
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Definition
12 Apr 2024
OAuth (Open Authorization)
OAuth (Open Authorization) is an open standard authorization framework for token-based authorization on the internet. Continue Reading
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Tutorial
27 Mar 2024
How the saga design pattern in microservices works
When a sequence of steps must be performed to support an operation, the microservices saga design pattern is a perfect fit. Continue Reading
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Video
27 Mar 2024
Do the 5 Scrum values really add value?
Do the Scrum Guide's five values really provide value as proponents claim? A scientific examination suggests they should be a lot more helpful to software development teams. Continue Reading
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Definition
25 Mar 2024
Spring Framework (Spring)
The Spring Framework (Spring) is an open source software development framework that provides infrastructure support for building Java-based applications on any deployment platform. Continue Reading
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Definition
21 Mar 2024
web services
Web services are a type of internet software that use standardized messaging protocols and are made available from an application service provider's web server for a client or other web-based programs to use. Continue Reading
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Video
19 Mar 2024
Learn Maven tutorial for beginners
Apache Maven is the Java world's most popular build tool, and if you're a Java developer, it behooves you to learn it. This Maven tutorial will make you an expert in a hurry. Continue Reading
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Definition
19 Mar 2024
scripting language
A scripting language is a type of programming language in which the instructions are interpreted individually at runtime. Continue Reading
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Definition
15 Mar 2024
low-code and no-code development platforms
Low-code/no-code development platforms are software development tools and environments that allow enterprise developers and citizen developers to create new applications using drag-and-drop components, linking them together and creating mobile or web apps. Continue Reading
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Definition
06 Mar 2024
program counter
A program counter is a special register in a computer processor that contains the memory address (location) of the next program instruction to be executed. Continue Reading
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Definition
05 Mar 2024
model-based systems engineering (MBSE)
Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) uses models to share information across collaborators in the design, development, test and operation of complex systems. Continue Reading
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Video
23 Feb 2024
Top 10 differences between GitHub and Git
Enterprise development teams need to know these major differences between Git and GitHub, but also how they serve different purposes and be used together effectively. Continue Reading
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Tip
08 Feb 2024
Top 9 smart contract platforms to consider in 2024
Platform speed, scalability, security and smart contract development support vary widely. Here's how to match features to your needs plus the lowdown on the major players. Continue Reading
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Video
08 Feb 2024
How to set a Git username and password in Git config
There's a way to stop Git from repeatedly asking you for a username and password. Just set your username and password in Git config. Continue Reading
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Video
07 Feb 2024
Git vs. GitHub: What's the difference?
Git and GitHub involve similar technology but are different in several important ways. Here's what you need to understand to get the most out of these key developer tools. Continue Reading
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Video
05 Feb 2024
Full Git and GitHub tutorial for beginners
Git is the most popular version control tool on the market, and GitHub is the most popular Git hosting service. This Git and GitHub course shows you how to use them together. Continue Reading
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Definition
05 Feb 2024
work in progress (WIP)
Work in progress (WIP) refers to the number of tasks or projects that are currently in the process of being completed. Continue Reading
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Definition
25 Jan 2024
Java
Java is a widely used programming language expressly designed for coding applications and services used in the distributed environment of the internet. Continue Reading
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Definition
25 Jan 2024
Chaos Monkey
Chaos Monkey is a software tool Netflix engineers developed to test the resiliency and recoverability of their Amazon Web Services (AWS) infrastructure. Continue Reading
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Definition
22 Jan 2024
API lifecycle management
API lifecycle management is a part of application programming interface management that supports the design, development and maintenance of APIs, including their transitioning from design and testing to a production environment. Continue Reading
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Definition
12 Jan 2024
polyglot programming
Polyglot programming is the practice of writing code in multiple languages to capture additional functionality and efficiency not available in a single language. Continue Reading
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Definition
11 Jan 2024
Java compiler
A Java compiler is a program that takes the text file work of a developer and compiles it into a platform-independent Java file. Continue Reading
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Definition
05 Jan 2024
beta test
In software development, a beta test is the second phase of software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries out the product. Continue Reading
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Tip
21 Dec 2023
Object-oriented vs. functional programming explained
While plenty of developers entertain the idea of adopting a functional programming model, it's important to first know exactly how it differs from the object-oriented approach. Continue Reading
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Feature
19 Dec 2023
The 5 SOLID principles of object-oriented design explained
In this primer on SOLID, we'll examine the five principles this development ideology embodies, the practices they encourage and the reasons these concepts matter. Continue Reading
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Definition
19 Dec 2023
Business Process Model Notation (BPMN)
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), also called Business Process Model and Notation, is an open standard to diagram a business process. Continue Reading
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Definition
15 Dec 2023
business logic
In programming, business logic is the part of a software program responsible for implementing the business rules that define how data should be created, modified, transformed, communicated and in other ways managed and controlled. Continue Reading
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Tip
15 Dec 2023
How to make a strong business case for software projects
Every software project proposal requires in-depth research into the technical aspects at play, but the business case for the project should tone down the tech talk. Continue Reading
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Tip
12 Dec 2023
A review of 7 software architecture visualization tools
Visualization tools like Visio and Draw.io can provide a lot of benefits when it comes to software architecture design and management, but choosing the right one is important. Continue Reading
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Definition
08 Dec 2023
hyperconverged appliance (HCI appliance)
A hyperconverged appliance (HCI appliance) is a hardware device that provides multiple data center management technologies within a single box. Continue Reading
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Tip
07 Dec 2023
Comparing MERN vs. MEAN stacks for web app development
While MERN and MEAN stacks share many common elements, their respective use of React and Angular is a defining factor in choosing one or the other. Continue Reading
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Answer
01 Dec 2023
11 real benefits of microservices
There's a reason why so many vendors have moved from monoliths to microservices. Here are 11 real benefits microservices bring to companies. Continue Reading
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Tip
30 Nov 2023
Elixir vs. Clojure for functional programming at scale
While they don't have the prestige of JavaScript or Python, Elixir and Clojure are making a name for themselves when it comes to functional programming at scale. Continue Reading
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Definition
22 Nov 2023
natural user interface (NUI)
A natural user interface -- or NUI -- is an interface that is designed to feel as natural as possible. Continue Reading
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Tip
16 Nov 2023
What does the Python 'if name equals main' construct do?
Ever wonder what Python's if name equals main syntax does? Here we explore what it does and when to use it. Continue Reading
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Tip
08 Nov 2023
The basics of working with pseudocode
Writing pseudocode is a great way to practice problem-solving skills, a crucial aspect in programming. It helps developers conceptualize and communicate their ideas. Continue Reading
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Tip
07 Nov 2023
The growing link between microservices and WebAssembly
The microservices architecture has become popular, but it runs into complexity and cost challenges. Implementing WebAssembly can alleviate those worries. Continue Reading
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Tip
26 Oct 2023
Serverless vs. containers: Which one for microservices apps?
How do you know when microservices should run in containers vs. serverless functions? A big factor is what you plan to do with your microservices. Continue Reading
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Tip
20 Oct 2023
Understanding the role of polymorphism in OOP
Polymorphism is used in OOP to allow developers to write more efficient code and redefine methods for derived classes; however, it could raise real-time performance issues. Continue Reading
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Tip
19 Oct 2023
Understanding protocol buffers vs. JSON
Protocol buffers have some compelling advantages over JSON when it comes to sending data between internal services. But is it really a replacement for JSON? Continue Reading
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Tip
17 Oct 2023
Scripting vs. programming languages: Where they differ
Choosing a programming language is often dictated by the problem the programmer wants to solve and the compute goal that a language is designed to achieve. Continue Reading
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Definition
16 Oct 2023
decentralized application (DApp)
A decentralized application (DApp) is a type of distributed, open source software application that runs on a peer-to-peer (P2P) blockchain network rather than on a single computer. Continue Reading
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Tip
11 Oct 2023
Kotlin vs. Scala: Which one is right for your project?
As general-purpose programming languages, both Scala and Kotlin have a lot to offer. But that doesn't mean their uses cases are the same. Continue Reading
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Tip
29 Sep 2023
Architecting beyond microservices and monoliths
A recent architectural change tied to Amazon's Prime Video service could help enterprise application teams understand their own microservices vs. monolithic architecture choices. Continue Reading
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Definition
27 Sep 2023
Business Process Modeling Language (BPML)
Business Process Modeling Language (BPML) is an XML standard metalanguage used to outline business processes in an easy-to-understand way. Continue Reading
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Tip
22 Sep 2023
What to know about building microservices with ASP.NET Core
It's optimized for containerization, integrates with the cloud and works on multiple platforms. Does ASP.NET Core deserve a place in your development shop? Continue Reading
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Tip
18 Sep 2023
3 critical stops on the back-end developer roadmap
When it comes to acquiring the skills needed to be a proficient back-end developer, there are no shortcuts. Some of the topics to know will be obvious, others might not be. Continue Reading
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Tip
15 Sep 2023
Idempotent HTTP methods and REST
The Hypertext Transport Protocol requires all HTTP verbs to identify as idempotent or not. But what is an idempotent method, and how does idempotence apply to RESTful API design? Continue Reading
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Tip
11 Sep 2023
Three-tier vs. microservices architecture: How to choose
The microservices approach is well suited to an app that needs a high level of modularity. When is the added complexity worth it, and how do you make that call? Continue Reading
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Definition
30 Aug 2023
skeuomorphism
Skeuomorphism is when something is designed with extra ornamentation to make it resemble another object so it is more familiar. Continue Reading
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Definition
30 Aug 2023
thread
A thread is, fundamentally, a clear, well-defined theme, subject, topic or focus. Continue Reading
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Tip
25 Aug 2023
Understanding Roc: Functional and separate from the runtime
Though it's a newer programming language with a small development community, Roc is meant to be an easy-to-read language that incorporates a pure, functional programming approach. Continue Reading
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Tip
25 Aug 2023
The 5 essential HTTP methods in RESTful API development
Review these five common RESTful API HTTP methods that developers need to know. Use this guide to understand the differences and uses for each of the methods. Continue Reading
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Definition
22 Aug 2023
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard notation for modeling real-world objects as a first step in designing an object-oriented system. Continue Reading
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Definition
15 Aug 2023
C++
C++ is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language that is viewed by many as the best language for creating large-scale applications. C++ is a superset of the C language. Continue Reading
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Definition
15 Aug 2023
assembler
An assembler is a computer program that takes in basic instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor can use to perform basic operations. Continue Reading
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Opinion
04 Aug 2023
Making sense of cross-platform, distributed cloud app dev
Cross-platform, distributed cloud app development methods are innovative in how they can quickly deliver code. Their adoption also adds complexity to coding and management. Continue Reading
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Tip
31 Jul 2023
3 questions to ask in a digital twin testing scenario
Is your team prepared to capture the right data so that your digital twin testing is accurate and effective? Here's what experts say about proper test approaches. Continue Reading
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Feature
21 Jul 2023
10 types of programming jobs to check out in 2023
Some core programming skills are more in demand than others. Learn which ones are most valuable to the jobs in today's market. Continue Reading
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Tip
19 Jul 2023
Haskell vs. PureScript: The difference is complexity
Haskell and PureScript each provide their own unique development advantages, so how should developers choose between these two popular programming languages? Continue Reading
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Definition
13 Jul 2023
Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is an application programming interface (API) in the Java programming language and development environment. Continue Reading
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Tip
30 Jun 2023
How to apply the open-closed principle in Java
How does the open-closed SOLID principle work in a Java program? Here we show you what this important principle means, and how to implement the open-closed principle in Java. Continue Reading
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Tip
29 Jun 2023
5 noteworthy challenges of automotive software development
Modern cars are loaded with technology, but creating in-vehicle applications isn't always a cakewalk. Here are five unique challenges developers face with automotive software. Continue Reading
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Definition
28 Jun 2023
loose coupling
Loose coupling is an approach to interconnecting the components in a system, network or software application so that those components, also called elements, depend on each other to the least extent practicable. Continue Reading
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Definition
27 Jun 2023
pseudocode
Pseudocode is a detailed yet readable description of what a computer program or algorithm should do. Continue Reading
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Definition
26 Jun 2023
git stash
Git stash is a built-in command that stores, or stashes, changes in the software development tool Git that aren't yet ready to be committed. Continue Reading
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Definition
26 Jun 2023
WebAssembly
WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format for compiling and executing code in a client-side web browser. Continue Reading
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Tip
22 Jun 2023
Breaking down the cornerstone components of OOP
Object-oriented programming changed the game for those working on complex software systems. But what are the key elements that define this prominent approach to development? Continue Reading
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Definition
21 Jun 2023
wall time
Wall time, also called real-world time, clock time, wall-clock time or -- more accurately -- elapsed real time, is the amount of time that a program or process takes to run from start to finish as measured by a person. Continue Reading
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Definition
19 Jun 2023
polymorphism
Polymorphism is a popular concept in object-oriented programming (OOP), referring to the idea that an entity in code such as a variable, function or object can have more than one form. Continue Reading
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Definition
19 Jun 2023
requirements analysis (requirements engineering)
Requirements analysis (requirements engineering) is the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified product. Continue Reading
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Tip
16 Jun 2023
Microservices vs. headless architecture: A brief breakdown
Microservices and headless architectures are both techniques capable of providing flexibility and modularity, but how do you make a wise choice between them? Continue Reading
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Definition
14 Jun 2023
Microsoft Power Apps
Power Apps is a suite of Microsoft products that enable both developers and nontechnical users to build custom applications to fulfill various business needs. Continue Reading
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Definition
14 Jun 2023
joint application development (JAD)
Joint application development, frequently shortened to JAD, is a methodology that involves the client or end user in the design and development of a software application through a succession of collaborative workshops called JAD sessions. Continue Reading
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Definition
12 Jun 2023
lambda
Lambda, the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet, is used as both a symbol and a concept in various fields of science, mathematics and computing. Continue Reading
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Definition
09 Jun 2023
Korn shell (ksh)
The Korn shell (ksh) is an operating system (OS) command shell that was developed for Unix by David Korn at Bell Labs. Continue Reading
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Tip
07 Jun 2023
How to create a smart contract using Ethereum
Solidity is a powerful language for programming and deploying smart contracts on the Ethereum network. Here's how to get started, with advice on choosing the best tools. Continue Reading
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Tip
07 Jun 2023
9 programming languages for smart contract development
There are languages expressly for smart contract development, but you can also use general-purpose languages like C++ and Java. Here's how they differ, and advice on how to choose. Continue Reading
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Definition
06 Jun 2023
internationalization (I18N)
Internationalization is the process of designing and building a product so that it can be easily adapted to specific languages and cultures. Continue Reading
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Definition
02 Jun 2023
continuous deployment
Continuous deployment is a strategy for software development and releases in which every code change is automatically run through a pipeline of tests and inspections before being pushed into production. Continue Reading
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Definition
01 Jun 2023
super app
A super app is a mobile or web application that combines multiple services into one platform. Continue Reading
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Definition
19 May 2023
Google Firebase
Google Firebase is a set of cloud-based development tools that helps mobile app developers build, deploy and scale their apps. Continue Reading
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Definition
16 May 2023
Unicode
Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that is maintained by the Unicode Consortium, a standards organization founded in 1991 for the internationalization of software and services. Continue Reading
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Tip
12 May 2023
Python interpreter vs. IDE: What network engineers should know
When using Python for network automation, network engineers often work with interpreters and integrated development environment tools to test modules and debug code. Continue Reading