FDA Leverages Real-World Data to Enhance COVID-19 Response

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is leveraging real-world data to better understand COVID-19 risk factors, tailor public health interventions to specific communities, and mitigate the spread of the virus.

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The organization is participating in the COVID-19 Diagnostics Evidence Accelerator, a multi-stakeholder collaborative project that advances the development of diagnostics. The effort is coordinated by the Reagan-Udall Foundation for the FDA in collaboration with Friends of Cancer Research.

“While there are current studies of viral diagnostic and antibody tests using traditional assessment methods, the Diagnostics Evidence Accelerator will allow the community to analyze both diagnostic and clinical data in real time, which has the potential to contribute to the scientific evaluation of diagnostic tools and medical interventions for COVID-19,” said Amy Abernethy, MD, PhD, FDA Principal Deputy Commissioner.

“FDA’s participation in the Diagnostics Evidence Accelerator is another example of how we are working with a broad set of experts in healthcare data and analytics to understand the performance of SARS-CoV-2 tests and to inform clinical and public health decision-making.”

The Diagnostics Evidence Accelerator is the companion project to the Therapeutic Evidence Accelerator, an effort that brings together leading experts in health data aggregation and analytics in a unified, collaborative initiative to share insights, compare results, and answer key questions to inform the collective COVID-19 response.

The Diagnostics Evidence Accelerator will evaluate the real-world performance of COVID-19 diagnostic tests and antibody tests, and how they are best used to tailor testing strategies to specific populations. Additionally, the project will aim to discover what test results and data may reveal about the prevalence of disease, chains of transmission, and individual and population-level immunity.

This effort will focus on the use of real-world data to understand whether the presence of antibodies can indicate future immunity, and if so, which specific antibodies and epitopes contribute to some level of protection against future infection.

“This collaboration with the FDA, scientists and data experts is meeting the urgency of the moment to speed the pace of diagnostic testing,” said Ellen V. Sigal, Chair of both the Reagan-Udall Foundation and Friends of Cancer Research.

“We all share the goal of deepening our understanding of COVID-19 on every front to ensure that patients receive the best care as quickly and safely as possible.”

Through the use of real-world data, the effort will provide actionable information about the prevalence of COVID-19 in specific populations as well as highlight individual risk factors for patients. This will help improve understanding of the disease, tailor public health interventions and strategies to reduce risks for individuals and communities, and help curb the spread of COVID-19.

The evidence generated through the Diagnostics Accelerator is meant to complement other studies that have been conducted or are underway, as well as to answer questions that are not yet answered.

“We recognize that questions related to the accuracy of diagnostic tests require different data elements that are not as widely available as those in the therapeutic space. They also require a different approach to data integration and analysis,” said Jeff Shuren, MD, JD, Director of FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health.

“The aim of the Accelerator is to propose questions, refine them, evaluate the feasibility of different approaches, and bring together groups that have the data to answer the questions and develop lasting solutions. Ultimately, we hope that real-world data can provide a more generalizable and rapid read-out of results than traditional clinical trials.”

The Diagnostics Evidence Accelerator represents the type of data-focused effort that could inform future emergency efforts. In an emergency setting, FDA may issue an emergency use authorizations (EUAs), which are evaluated using a different standard than is required for approval or clearance in non-emergency situations.

Getting a better understanding of the real-world performance characteristics of diagnostic tests and antibody tests that can help inform future EUAs.